Two different revolts led to the independence of Mexico. Two priests, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and Jose Maria Morelos y Pavon, revolted against colonial officials. Hidalgo marched toward Mexico City and called for a new government and redistribution of land. Morelos led guerrillas in the south and took over for Hidalgo when the latter was executed. Morelos was executed also. The second revolution occurred when the wealthy of Mexico feared Spain would give in to the demands for land redistribution. They wanted to maintain the status quo. The "criollos" established an empire, which was overthrown a year later in 1822, leading to 50 years of chaos.