Lorenzo Monaco was born Piero di Giovanni around 1370, probably in Siena, Italy. In 1391, he professed vows as a monk of the Camaldolese Congregation of the Order of Saint Benedict at the monastery of Santa Maria degli Angeli in Florence, Italy. He also assumed a monastic name (Lorenzo Monaco means "Lorenzo the Monk"). Over the next few years, Lorenzo became known as an artist of exceptional talent and skill; he did exquisite illuminated manuscripts, miniatures in choir books, paintings on panels and more.

Lorenzo moved out of the monastery in the late 1390s and established his own workshop, though he kept his connection with the monastic community and remained a monk for the rest of his life. His paintings continued to depict traditional Christian themes. By the turn of the century, Lorenzo was one of the leading artists in Florence. Today his works - notable for their graceful lines, decorative details, and rich colors - are considered some of the finest examples of late medieval European art. He died around 1425 and was buried at Santa Maria degli Angeli.