Massachusetts was the focus of the American Revolution at its beginning. Various British taxes--Molasses Act, Sugar Act, and Stamp Act, followed by the Townshend Act--fueled colonial opposition that led to the Boston Massacre in 1770 and the Boston Tea Party in 1773. The British closed the port of Boston and two years later a search-and-destroy mission by British troops precipitated the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The British won at Bunker Hill in 1775, but evacuated in 1776 the following year. After that there was no fighting within Massachusetts. Among Massachusetts patriots included John and Samuel Adams and John Hancock. Massachusetts ratified the U.S. Constitution in 1788.