Early director of the photographic laboratory at Cornell University, Frederick E. Ives moved to Philadelphia and was a founding member in 1885 of the photographic society of that city. A pioneer of stereoscopic and color photography, Ives demonstrated a system of natural color photography in 1885 at the Franklin Institute. In 1903, he secured a patent on the Parallax Stereogram, a system of interlaced stripes that would animate when placed behind a stationary array of opaque, vertical bars and loved laterally. By 1923, with his partner Jacob Levanthal, he was producing a series of 3-D novelty shorts named “Plastigrams.”