On January 23, 1943, the S.S. Dorchester joined a convoy bound for Greenland. The ship carried a crew of 130 merchant seamen, 23 U.S. naval armed guards, and 751 passengers. On February 3, a German submarine sank the Dorchester, with records showing 675 persons having lost their lives. Four chaplains not only helped people into lifeboats, but lost their own lives when the ship went down. Survivors report that the four chaplains linked their arms together in prayer while the ship sank. The four were Protestant Chaplain George L. Fox, Protestant Chaplain Clark V. Poling, Catholic Chaplain John P. Washington, and Jewish Chaplain Alexander D. Goode.